Solar Photovoltaic Systems

Photovoltaic systems are a new energy source whose time has come.

• This exciting solution converts energy from the sun, both light and unseen radiation, into electricity. Photovoltaic power is gaining popularity worldwide for a number of reasons:
• Using photovoltaic technology to generate electricity is a totally 'green' process. There is no hazardous waste. No coal or gas or oil is burned, no smoke is generated. No tankers full of fuel need to traverse the ocean.
• Photovoltaic energy generation is the world's fastest growing energy industry. New jobs are created daily, helping to strengthen economies and foster energy independence.
• Photovoltaic energy can be stored for future use.
• Photovoltaic systems are reliable, have long lives, and have low maintenance requirements.
• The main source of power, the Sun, is free and accessible to all.

While solar photovoltaic energy as an industry is new, the science has been around a long time. Edward Becquerel, a French physicist, is credited with first noting that some materials produce electricity when exposed to light as early as 1839; Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize in physics for his work in the field. Through the 1960s and 1970s, photovoltaic energy production advanced further in association with space exploration.

A solar photovoltaic panel is made up of one or more solar cells, or photovoltaic cells. The cells are created using the semiconductor materials, usually a form of silicon. A thin slice of semiconductor material is treated to form an electric field, with a positive and a negative side.
When solar energy contacts the cell, electrons are freed from the atoms in the semiconductor material. When conductors are attached to both the positive and negative sides of the cell, the freed atoms generate an electric current, DC, which can then be used immediately or stored in a battery. A inverter can be used to transform the current to AC power.

Both solar photovoltaic panels and photovoltaic cells are widely available today. Applications include providing power to 'off grid' rural locations, for boats, electric cars, and remote sensing systems.

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How to Make Your Own Solar Panel

Today, photovoltaic systems are the worlds fasted growing energy technology but they are expensive to buy. With the right tools and information it is possible to make your own solar panel inexpensively.

Solar or photovoltaic panels generate electricity from the light of the sun, they transform solar radiation into direct current electricity which can be used to charge batteries. Alternatively the electricity can be changed, using an inverter, into alternating current to power electrical goods or it can be sold to the grid. Solar panels require light rather than direct sunlight to generate power so even if it is a cloudy day power will still be generated. Of course the more light the more power generated.

Once electricity is generated it needs to be used or stored for later use. To store electricity a bank of deep cycle batteries is required. Alternatively the excess electricity can be directed to the grid and this can be used to offset the household electrical bill. A smart meter is available to read both the use and generation of electricity, this allows the excess electricity generated during the day to be used by the grid while providing the electricity required in the evening when the sun has gone down.

Photovoltaic cells are connected together and are placed between a top sheet of glass and a plastic base to form a solar panel. The amount of power produced by a single panel is not capable of working most domestic goods so a number of panels are connected together to form an array which is generally fitted onto the roof of a house. It can also be fitted onto the wall of the house or sometimes if space allows the array can be fitted onto a frame at ground level. It is very simple to retrofit an existing house with an array and this is the easiest alternative energy system to fit as there are no pipes to run through the house only wires.

Solar panels require little or no maintenance and with lifetimes of 25 to 30 years they will pay for themselves many times over. Once installed the system will produce electricity for no further cost though, the inverter may require replacing at sometime.

One of the main drawbacks of using solar panels is they are expensive to purchase at the outset and as a result have a long pay back period of up to 10 years. In some areas there are subsidies or tax credits available to help in purchasing a solar panel system.

The cost effective answer to getting your own solar panel array and save thousands of dollars is to do it yourself. Using expert guidance from online resources it is possible to make you own solar array at home with basic do-it-yourself skills from readily available and inexpensive materials. The best informational guides will include video tutorials to show you, step by step, how to build a solar panel.

Building your own solar panel will reduce your power bill, you will have the satisfaction in completing a worthwhile project that adds value to your home and you will be doing your part for the environment.

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Efficiency of a Solar Panel

Solar panels have been around for over half a century. Now, as the technology has advanced over recent years, they are seen as one of the principal sources of alternative energy.

Solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and converting it into useful energy. The panels are made up of solar cells (photovoltaic cells) arranged in a grid, which collect the sun's rays during daylight hours and convert their energy into electricity. The solar cells within the panel function in a similar way to semiconductors. The energy generated from light photons hitting the surface of the solar panel knock electrons out of their orbit and releases them. The electric fields in the solar cells pull these free electrons in a directional current to the metal contacts in the solar cell which can generate electricity. The greater the number of solar cells in a panel, the greater the electrical output the solar panel can produce.

The efficiency of a solar panel, and how much energy it produces, depends on the climate, weather and number of daylight hours of the location where it is installed. They produce most energy when exposed to direct sunlight in clear skies but will also produce a reduced amount under cloudy skies. All PV panels are affected by heat. The hotter the panel, the lower the power output (20% to 40%). This means that power generation can be higher in winter than summer despite the fact that the sun is lower in the sky.

The maximum power a panel can produce and the actual power it delivers are not at the same - the actual power depends upon the amount of light energy falling on the panel.

Most solar electric panels are labelled with their peak power output - this is the maximum power (measured in watts) that the panel can generate in full sunlight. Work out the power produced by finding out the number of 'peak sun hours' your location receives each day, then multiply the watt rating of the solar panel by the number of peak sun hours. Sun hours will vary by season with the lowest being in the winter.

Solar panels are an investment in the future. You can look forward to your own independent power supply and once you have paid off the cost of installing your home solar power systems, you will effectively have free electricity. With ever rising electricity prices that can't be bad.

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How To Build a Magnetic Generator

Build a magnetic generator for your home, and this amazing machine will reduce your electricity cost by at least 50% or even cut the all together. Sounds too good to be true but the new technology is sweeping the world and 1000's of people have already built theirs.

A magnetic power generator generates a magnetic force to induce perpetual motion. This system takes advantage of this perpetual motion to generate electricity 24 hours a day, year round, it uses a small portion of this electricity to power itself thus it is able to just keep going. Tests have shown that it generates 5 times as much energy as it needs so it is easily capable of supplying all the power you need for the house

This means that this magnetic power generator is the greatest alternative energy DIY project that you can build, is very inexpensive and can be up and running over a weekend. The technology behind the system has been developed over the past decade to produce totally FREE energy, and now there are informational guides that give you step by step instructions and videos so even if this is your first project you are guaranteed success.

As this system is not available commercially it is generally accepted that it has been suppressed by the major corporations, who would suffer greatly because of the efficiency.

By learning how to build your own magnetic power generator, you will be able to generate completely free electric energy without depending on any source of renewable or non-renewable energy. The generator powers itself and creates energy by itself without requiring solar energy, heat, water, coal or any kind of resource.

This is designed to be a safe and highly efficient system for use inside your home perhaps in the garage or a convenient out house even the garden shed, so it works under any weather conditions and as it produces no harmful gas emissions it is completely safe for the family

Benefits of a magnetic power generator include:

1. This system is compact

2. Works without the need for an input from an outside source such as solar, wind, fossil fuels

3. Inexpensive to built and even less expensive to operate to run

4. Cut your electrical bills by at least 80%

5. No harmful emissions so it completely safe for your family

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Build Your Own Solar Panels

Learning how to build a solar panel begins with the understanding of how these system works and what are the components required.

These are the home solar power systems that generate electricity by converting the energy from the sun to electric energy. The rays from the sun are trapped by the solar panels and stored as solar energy, which is converted to electric energy by an energy inverter. For optimum performance, the panels are positioned at direct contact with the sun.

Nowadays, with the availability of solar kits making one for your home becomes easier and cheaper. The benefits of building one cannot be overemphasize more especially when you consider the savings you can make by not paying the electricity monthly bill any longer.

All components needed to have a cheap solar system in your home are usually found the kits. A complete kit must have the following:

• Solar cells
• Diode
• Copper wire
• Soldering iron and solder
• Tabbing
• Flux

You success to a cheap home solar power system is hinged to the comprehensiveness of the step-by-step guide. The guide should be writing with pictorial examples and could be able to teach you how to position your panels for optimum trapping of the rays from the sun. In addition, the guide could be able to teach you the number of cells you need for a particular number of voltage needed for your home.

My friend and I tried to build one using a free manual we downloaded from the Internet. In fact, it was a frustrating experience. Therefore, we opted for a paid manual, which helped us to build one for our home at affordable price and reasonable time.

In summary, the need for home solar power systems is on the increase with corresponding increase in the price of the components. Therefore, now is the best time for you to have one for your home before the cost get out of common person's ability. Learn how to build your own solar panels today!

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Benefits of Photovoltaic Modules

Photovoltaic modules are the devices that have made reliable power beyond the power lines possible. Solar photovoltaic is one of the most widely used alternative energy sources. Even those lucky enough to have a viable hydro or wind site often choose to have a few Photovoltaic modules for back-up or seasonal use. A Photovoltaic module produces electrical current when it is exposed to sunlight. The technology is closely related to and was a spinoff or 1950s transistor technology. Photovoltaics provide clean, uncomplicated power whenever and wherever the sun shines on them, so, not surprisingly; space applications funded most of the early research and development.

Photovoltaic modules last a long, long time. How long we honestly do not yet know, as the oldest terrestrial modules are barely 30 years old. Ask us again in 30 more years and we will have a better answer. All full-size modules carry 10- to 20-year warranties, reflecting their manufacturers’ faith in the durability of these products. Photovoltaic technology is closely related to transistor technology. Based on our experience with transistors, which just fade away after twenty years of constant use, most manufacturers have been confidently predicting 20-year or longer lifespans. However, keep in mind that PV modules are only seeing six to eight hours of active use per day, so we may find that lifespans of 60 to 80 years are normal. Cells that were put into the truly nasty environment of space in the early 1960s are still functioning perfectly.

Modules will catch the maximum sunlight, and therefore have the maximum output, when they are oriented perpendicular (at right angles) to the sun. This means that tracking the sun across the sky from east to west will give you more power output. Tracking mounts are expensive. Due to economies of scale, they‘re usually only worthwhile on larger Photovoltaic systems, generally ones with eight or more modules. All systems are most productive if the modules are perpendicular (within five degrees) to the sun at noon, the most productive time of the day. In the winter, modules should be at the angle of your latitude plus 23 degrees, which is the recessional, angle of the sun. In the summer, your latitude minus the same 23- degree angle is ideal. (On a practical level, many residential systems will have power to burn in the summer, and seasonal adjustment may be unnecessary.) As noted above, modules should have some air space behind them to promote air flow and better cooling.

Generally speaking, photovoltaic arrays that consist of eight or more modules are better off on a tracking mount, and smaller arrays are usually better placed on fixed mounts. This rule of thumb is far from ironclad, however, and there are good reasons to use either kind of mounting.

Benefits

1. No moving parts
2. Ultra-low maintenance
3. Extremely long life
4. Noncorrosive parts
5. Easy installation
6. Modular design
7. Universal application
8. Safe low-voltage output
9. Simple controls

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